pyenv使用

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pyenv可以帮助你在一台开发机上建立多个版本的python环境， 并提供方便的切换方法。
virtualenv可以搭建虚拟且独立的python环境，可以使每个项目环境与其他项目独立开来，保持环境的干净，解决包冲突问题。

安装

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git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
echo -e 'if command -v pyenv 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then\n  eval "$(pyenv init -)"\nfi' >> ~/.bash_profile

# restart shell
exec "$SHELL"

安装python 版本

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pyenv install 2.7.10

centos 安装如下rpm 包:

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yum install patch openssl-devel -y

如果系统没有安装patch命令，在安装python的时候会报如下错误：

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/root/.pyenv/plugins/python-build/bin/python-build: line 1326: patch: command not found

解决办法：

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yum install patch -y

pyenv-virtualenv

光有pyenv还不够，我们需要结合virtualenv来使用, pyenv-virtualenv就是干这个活的。

安装

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git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv.git $(pyenv root)/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv
echo 'eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"' >> ~/.bash_profile

# restart shell
exec "$SHELL"

使用

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# 查看支持哪些版本
pyenv install -l

# 创建项目
pyenv virtualenv 2.7.10 project

# Activate virtualenv
pyenv activate project

# Deactive virtualenv
pyenv deactivate

# Delete existing virtualenv
pyenv uninstall project

# 查看已经安装了哪些 virtualenv
pyenv versions

FAQ

  • mac os zlib 问题

    现象如下：

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    Last 10 log lines:
      File "/private/var/folders/qq/cxqjcr296h7bvhl4nqbzrsn00000gn/T/python-build.20190419143439.41015/Python-3.5.3/Lib/ensurepip/__main__.py", line 4, in <module>
        ensurepip._main()
      File "/private/var/folders/qq/cxqjcr296h7bvhl4nqbzrsn00000gn/T/python-build.20190419143439.41015/Python-3.5.3/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 209, in _main
        default_pip=args.default_pip,
      File "/private/var/folders/qq/cxqjcr296h7bvhl4nqbzrsn00000gn/T/python-build.20190419143439.41015/Python-3.5.3/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 116, in bootstrap
        _run_pip(args + [p[0] for p in _PROJECTS], additional_paths)
      File "/private/var/folders/qq/cxqjcr296h7bvhl4nqbzrsn00000gn/T/python-build.20190419143439.41015/Python-3.5.3/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 40, in _run_pip
        import pip
    zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available

    解决办法：

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    brew install zlib
    export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/zlib/lib"
    export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/zlib/include"
      
    export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/zlib/lib/pkgconfig"

参考文献

[1] https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv#installation
[2] https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv